BMAL2: A Protein Potential Drug Target (G56938)

Target Name: BMAL2

NCBI ID: G56938

BMAL2: A Protein Potential Drug Target

BMAL2 (ostrhumpin-related protein 2) is a protein that is expressed in various tissues throughout the body, including the brain, heart, and skeletal muscles. It is a member of the superfamily of cytoskeletal proteins, which are involved in the structure and function of cells. BMAL2 has been identified as a potential drug target and has been shown to play a role in a variety of biological processes, including muscle wasting, muscle growth, and aging.

BMAL2 is expressed in a variety of tissues and has been shown to play a role in the development and maintenance of muscle mass. In humans, BMAL2 is expressed in the muscle fibers, and its levels have been shown to increase in response to increased muscle activity. This increase in BMAL2 levels suggests that the protein may be involved in the regulation of muscle growth and maintenance.

In addition to its role in muscle growth and maintenance, BMAL2 has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of muscle wasting. muscle wasting, also known as muscle atrophy, is a condition in which muscle mass is lost due to a variety of factors, including aging, disease, and injury. BMAL2 has been shown to play a role in the prevention of muscle atrophy by maintaining the muscle fibers and preventing their breakdown.

BMAL2 has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of aging. As we age, our bodies undergo a variety of changes that can lead to the development of age-related diseases, including muscle atrophy and various forms of cancer. BMAL2 has been shown to play a role in the regulation of these changes and may be a potential target for therapies aimed at preventing or treating age-related diseases.

In addition to its role in muscle growth, maintenance, and aging, BMAL2 has also been shown to play a role in the regulation of a variety of other biological processes. For example, the levels of BMAL2 have been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell division and the development of blood vessels.

Overall, BMAL2 is a protein that has been shown to play a variety of roles in various biological processes. As a potential drug target, BMAL2 is a promising target for the development of therapies aimed at preventing or treating a wide range of diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of BMAL2 in these biological processes and to develop effective treatments.

Protein Name: Basic Helix-loop-helix ARNT Like 2

Functions: Transcriptional activator which forms a core component of the circadian clock. The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system, regulates various physiological processes through the generation of approximately 24 hour circadian rhythms in gene expression, which are translated into rhythms in metabolism and behavior. It is derived from the Latin roots 'circa' (about) and 'diem' (day) and acts as an important regulator of a wide array of physiological functions including metabolism, sleep, body temperature, blood pressure, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and renal function. Consists of two major components: the central clock, residing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain, and the peripheral clocks that are present in nearly every tissue and organ system. Both the central and peripheral clocks can be reset by environmental cues, also known as Zeitgebers (German for 'timegivers'). The predominant Zeitgeber for the central clock is light, which is sensed by retina and signals directly to the SCN. The central clock entrains the peripheral clocks through neuronal and hormonal signals, body temperature and feeding-related cues, aligning all clocks with the external light/dark cycle. Circadian rhythms allow an organism to achieve temporal homeostasis with its environment at the molecular level by regulating gene expression to create a peak of protein expression once every 24 hours to control when a particular physiological process is most active with respect to the solar day. Transcription and translation of core clock components (CLOCK, NPAS2, BMAL1, BMAL2, PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1 and CRY2) plays a critical role in rhythm generation, whereas delays imposed by post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important for determining the period (tau) of the rhythms (tau refers to the period of a rhythm and is the length, in time, of one complete cycle). A diurnal rhythm is synchronized with the day/night cycle, while the ultradian and infradian rhythms have a period shorter and longer than 24 hours, respectively. Disruptions in the circadian rhythms contribute to the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic syndromes and aging. A transcription/translation feedback loop (TTFL) forms the core of the molecular circadian clock mechanism. Transcription factors, CLOCK or NPAS2 and BMAL1 or BMAL2, form the positive limb of the feedback loop, act in the form of a heterodimer and activate the transcription of core clock genes and clock-controlled genes (involved in key metabolic processes), harboring E-box elements (5'-CACGTG-3') within their promoters. The core clock genes: PER1/2/3 and CRY1/2 which are transcriptional repressors form the negative limb of the feedback loop and interact with the CLOCK|NPAS2-BMAL1|BMAL2 heterodimer inhibiting its activity and thereby negatively regulating their own expression. This heterodimer also activates nuclear receptors NR1D1/2 and RORA/B/G, which form a second feedback loop and which activate and repress BMAL1 transcription, respectively. The CLOCK-BMAL2 heterodimer activates the transcription of SERPINE1/PAI1 and BHLHE40/DEC1

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