Unlocking The Potential of EPRS1: A Bifunctional Protein (G2058)

Target Name: EPRS1

NCBI ID: G2058

Unlocking The Potential of EPRS1: A Bifunctional Protein

EPRS1 (Bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase) is a protein that plays a crucial role in the process of translation of genetic information from mRNA to protein. It is a key enzyme in the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex, which is responsible for synthesizing the amino acids that are tethered to the tRNA molecule. This process is critical for protein synthesis, as the sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its function and structure.

One of the unique features of EPRS1 is its bifunctional nature. This means that the protein can perform two different functions at the same time, which is not uncommon in proteins that play important roles in cellular processes. The bifunctional nature of EPRS1 allows it to be a potential drug target or biomarker, as scientists can target the protein and disrupt its function to study its effects on cellular processes.

EPRS1 has been shown to play a role in a variety of cellular processes, including protein synthesis, cell signaling, and metabolism. For example, studies have shown that EPRS1 is involved in the regulation of protein synthesis in bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells. It has also been shown to play a role in the regulation of cell signaling pathways, including the TGF-β pathway in cancer cells.

In addition to its role in cellular processes, EPRS1 has also been shown to be a potential drug target. The bifunctional nature of the protein makes it an attractive target for small molecules, which can be used to disrupt the protein's function and study its effects. For example, scientists have synthesized a variety of small molecules that can interact with EPRS1 and disrupted its function, which has led to a better understanding of the protein's role in cellular processes.

EPRS1 has also been shown to be a potential biomarker for a variety of diseases, including cancer. The bifunctional nature of the protein makes it an attractive target for diagnostic tools, as it can be used to diagnose diseases based on the changes in its function. For example, scientists have used EPRS1 as a biomarker to diagnose neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

In conclusion, EPRS1 is a protein that plays a critical role in the process of translation of genetic information from mRNA to protein. Its bifunctional nature makes it an attractive target for drug development and biomarker research. Further studies are needed to fully understand the protein's role in cellular processes and its potential as a drug or biomarker.

Protein Name: Glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA Synthetase 1

Functions: Multifunctional protein which is primarily part of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex, also know as multisynthetase complex, that catalyzes the attachment of the cognate amino acid to the corresponding tRNA in a two-step reaction: the amino acid is first activated by ATP to form a covalent intermediate with AMP and is then transferred to the acceptor end of the cognate tRNA (PubMed:1756734, PubMed:24100331, PubMed:23263184). The phosphorylation of EPRS1, induced by interferon-gamma, dissociates the protein from the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex and recruits it to the GAIT complex that binds to stem loop-containing GAIT elements in the 3'-UTR of diverse inflammatory mRNAs (such as ceruplasmin), suppressing their translation. Interferon-gamma can therefore redirect, in specific cells, the EPRS1 function from protein synthesis to translation inhibition (PubMed:15479637, PubMed:23071094). Also functions as an effector of the mTORC1 signaling pathway by promoting, through SLC27A1, the uptake of long-chain fatty acid by adipocytes. Thereby, it also plays a role in fat metabolism and more indirectly influences lifespan (PubMed:28178239)

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