SYNE2: A Protein Regulator of Cell Cycle and Cell Apoptosis (G23224)

Target Name: SYNE2

NCBI ID: G23224

SYNE2: A Protein Regulator of Cell Cycle and Cell Apoptosis

SYNE2 (FLJ43727) is a protein that is expressed in various tissues throughout the body, including the brain, heart, and kidneys. It is a member of the superfamily of transmembrane protein (SMP) family 2 (SMP2) and is characterized by the presence of a unique C-terminal region that contains a conserved domains such as a short amino acid loop, a long amino acid loop, a disulfide bond, and a glycine residue.

SYNE2 is a key regulator of the cell cycle, specifically the G1/S transition, which is a critical step in the cell cycle where the cell prepares for cell division. During the G1/S transition, the cell prepares for DNA replication by producing a set of proteins that are necessary for the replication process. SYNE2 plays a crucial role in this process by regulating the level of the protein p21 (CDK4), which is a key regulator of the G1/S transition.

SYNE2 has also been shown to play a role in the regulation of cell apoptosis, which is the process by which cells die naturally. During times of stress, such as exposure to chemotherapy or radiation, SYNE2 has been shown to promote the programmed cell death that is necessary for maintaining tissue homeostasis.

SYNE2 is also a potential drug target for various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune disorders. For example, studies have shown that SYNE2 is overexpressed in various types of cancer, including breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancer. This suggests that targeting SYNE2 with drugs that can inhibit its activity could be a promising strategy for cancer treatment.

In addition to its potential as a drug target, SYNE2 is also a valuable biomarker for certain diseases. For example, SYNE2 has been shown to be overexpressed in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease, which is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by the progressive loss of brain cells. This suggests that targeting SYNE2 with drugs that can inhibit its activity could be a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

SYNE2 is also a potential target for other diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune disorders, and uveal cancer. For example, studies have shown that SYNE2 is overexpressed in individuals with multiple sclerosis, a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by the progressive loss of muscle strength and flexibility. This suggests that targeting SYNE2 with drugs that can inhibit its activity could be a promising strategy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

In addition to its potential as a drug target and biomarker, SYNE2 is also a potential therapeutic target for other diseases. For example, studies have shown that SYNE2 is overexpressed in individuals with uveal cancer, which is a type of cancer that affects the eye. This suggests that targeting SYNE2 with drugs that can inhibit its activity could be a promising strategy for the treatment of uveal cancer.

In conclusion, SYNE2 is a protein that is expressed in various tissues throughout the body and plays a crucial role in the regulation of the cell cycle, specifically the G1/S transition. It is also a potential drug target for various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Additionally, SYNE2 is a valuable biomarker for certain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and uveal cancer. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of SYNE2 in these diseases and to develop effective treatments.

Protein Name: Spectrin Repeat Containing Nuclear Envelope Protein 2

Functions: Multi-isomeric modular protein which forms a linking network between organelles and the actin cytoskeleton to maintain the subcellular spatial organization. As a component of the LINC (LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex involved in the connection between the nuclear lamina and the cytoskeleton. The nucleocytoplasmic interactions established by the LINC complex play an important role in the transmission of mechanical forces across the nuclear envelope and in nuclear movement and positioning (PubMed:34818527). Specifically, SYNE2 and SUN2 assemble in arrays of transmembrane actin-associated nuclear (TAN) lines which are bound to F-actin cables and couple the nucleus to retrograde actin flow during actin-dependent nuclear movement. May be involved in nucleus-centrosome attachment. During interkinetic nuclear migration (INM) at G2 phase and nuclear migration in neural progenitors its LINC complex association with SUN1/2 and probable association with cytoplasmic dynein-dynactin motor complexes functions to pull the nucleus toward the centrosome; SYNE1 and SYNE2 may act redundantly. During INM at G1 phase mediates respective LINC complex association with kinesin to push the nucleus away from the centrosome. Involved in nuclear migration in retinal photoreceptor progenitors. Required for centrosome migration to the apical cell surface during early ciliogenesis. Facilitates the relaxation of mechanical stress imposed by compressive actin fibers at the rupture site through its nteraction with SYN2 (PubMed:34818527)

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