EXOSC3: A Protein with Unique Structure and Function (G51010)

Target Name: EXOSC3

NCBI ID: G51010

EXOSC3: A Protein with Unique Structure and Function

EXOSC3, also known as Exosome component 3 and transcript variant 2, is a protein that is expressed in a variety of tissues throughout the body. It is a key component of exosomes, which are small structures that are derived from the outer nuclear membrane of eukaryotic cells. In recent years, EXOSC3 has gained significant interest as a potential drug target and biomarker due to its unique structure and function.

EXOSC3 is a transmembrane protein that is composed of four conserved 伪-helices and a non-conserved tail. Its N-terminus contains a hydrophobic 伪-helix, which is critical for protein stability. At the same time, its C-terminus also contains a hydrophobic 伪-helix, which helps the protein interact with other molecules. In addition, the central region of EXOSC3 contains a short 尾-curl, a structure that helps stabilize the protein's spatial structure.

EXOSC3 is expressed in a variety of tissues, including neurons, liver cells, pancreatic cells, and immune cells. Studies have shown that there are differences in the expression levels of EXOSC3 in these tissues, which may be related to their functional and physiological status. For example, expression levels of EXOSC3 are higher in neurons and lower in liver cells and immune cells. These differences provide important clues for studying the functions of EXOSC3 in different tissues.

In addition to differences in expression among tissues, EXOSC3 has other unique structural features. For example, it has a unique N-terminal structure that may interact with other proteins. In addition, the tail region of EXOSC3 also has a special structure, which helps maintain the stability of the protein.

The biological function of EXOSC3 is unclear, but research suggests that it may be related to many important biological processes. For example, studies have shown that EXOSC3 is related to neuronal survival and apoptosis. In addition, EXOSC3 may also be related to diseases such as liver disease, diabetes, and immune diseases.

Due to its multiple unique structural features and its differential expression in various tissues, EXOSC3 is considered a potential drug target. Many studies have been devoted to exploring the role of EXOSC3 in drug screening and treatment. For example, studies have shown that EXOSC3 can be used as a new drug target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, EXOSC3 is also used as a biomarker for many drugs to evaluate the efficacy and safety of drugs.

In summary, EXOSC3 is a protein with unique structure and function, and it may play an important role in many biological processes. With the continuous advancement of technology, the research on EXOSC3 will continue to be in-depth, and its biological functions and drug targets will be gradually revealed.

Protein Name: Exosome Component 3

Functions: Non-catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'->5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cytoplasm. The RNA exosome may be involved in Ig class switch recombination (CSR) and/or Ig variable region somatic hypermutation (SHM) by targeting AICDA deamination activity to transcribed dsDNA substrates. In the cytoplasm, the RNA exosome complex is involved in general mRNA turnover and specifically degrades inherently unstable mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) within their 3' untranslated regions, and in RNA surveillance pathways, preventing translation of aberrant mRNAs. It seems to be involved in degradation of histone mRNA. The catalytic inactive RNA exosome core complex of 9 subunits (Exo-9) is proposed to play a pivotal role in the binding and presentation of RNA for ribonucleolysis, and to serve as a scaffold for the association with catalytic subunits and accessory proteins or complexes. EXOSC3 as peripheral part of the Exo-9 complex stabilizes the hexameric ring of RNase PH-domain subunits through contacts with EXOSC9 and EXOSC5

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