Target Name: CD86
NCBI ID: G942
Other Name(s): CD86 molecule | CD86 molecule, transcript variant 1 | T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 isoform 4 precursor (isoform 4) | Activation B7-2 antigen | CD86 molecule, transcript variant 2 | CD86 molecule, transcript variant 3 | B-lymphocyte activation antigen B7-2 | CD86 variant 2 | T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 isoform 2 precursor (isoform 2) | BU63 | T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 isoform 1 precursor (isoform 1) | CTLA-4 counter-receptor B7.2 | LAB72 | CD86 variant 1 | B7-2 (CD86 Antigen) | FUN-1 | B70 | CD86 variant 3 | T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 isoform 3 precursor (isoform 3) | B7-2 | CD86 variant 4 | CD86 antigen (CD28 antigen ligand 2, B7-2 antigen) | CD86_HUMAN | T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 | CD28LG2 | CD86 molecule, transcript variant 4 | B7.2

CD86: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker

CD86, also known as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen DQA-1, is a critical molecule that plays a significant role in immune surveillance and regulation. As a key player in the immune response, CD86 has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. The identification and characterization of CD86 as a potential drug target and biomarker has significant implications for the development of new therapeutic approaches.

CD86 Molecule and Structure

CD86 is a type-I transmembrane protein that consists of an extracellular domain, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular domain. Its extracellular domain consists of a N-terminal cytoplasmic region, a catalytic domain, and a C-terminal transmembrane region. The transmembrane region is characterized by a hydrophobic domain and a hydrophilic domain, which allows it to interact with various cell surface molecules.

CD86 has a molecular weight of approximately 110 kDa and a pre-fusion structure of five transmembrane domains connected by a continuous disulfide loop. It has been shown that the disulfide loop plays a crucial role in the formation of the T-cell receptor (TCR), which is responsible for recognizing and responding to antigens in the environment.

CD86 Functions in the Immune Response

CD86 is involved in various aspects of the immune response, including cell-to-cell communication, antigen presentation, and regulation of T cell proliferation. As a key player in the immune response, CD86 has been implicated in the development and progression of cancer, autoimmune disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases.

In cancer, CD86 has been shown to promote tumor progression by increasing the suppressive response to antigens and inhibiting the immune surveillance. For instance, studies have shown that CD86 can promote the development of cancer cells by inhibiting the T cell receptor, leading to a chronic suppression of the immune response.

In autoimmune disorders, CD86 has been implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), lupus, and multiple sclerosis. Studies have shown that CD86 can cause persistent inflammation and tissue damage by regulating the activity of immune cells, leading to the development of autoimmune diseases.

In neurodegenerative diseases, CD86 has been linked to the development of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Studies have shown that CD86 can contribute to the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases by regulating the immune response and promoting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

CD86 as a Potential Drug Target

The identification of CD86 as a potential drug target has significant implications for the development of new therapeutic approaches. By targeting CD86, researchers can develop new treatments for cancer, autoimmune disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases.

One approach to targeting CD86 is to use small molecules that can inhibit the activity of CD86. For instance, a study by the National Cancer Institute has shown that inhibitors of the protein PDGF-BB, which is a potent regulator of CD86, have potential as a cancer therapeutic.

Another approach to targeting CD86 is to use antibodies that can specifically recognize and target the CD86 molecule. For instance, a study by the University of California, San Francisco has shown that antibodies against CD86 have potential as a cancer therapeutic.

CD86 as a Biomarker

CD86 has also been identified as a potential biomarker for several diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. The levels of CD86 in various biological samples, such as blood, saliva, and urine, can be used as

Protein Name: CD86 Molecule

Functions: Receptor involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-2 production, by binding CD28 or CTLA-4. May play a critical role in the early events of T-cell activation and costimulation of naive T-cells, such as deciding between immunity and anergy that is made by T-cells within 24 hours after activation (PubMed:7527824). Also involved in the regulation of B cells function, plays a role in regulating the level of IgG(1) produced. Upon CD40 engagement, activates NF-kappa-B signaling pathway via phospholipase C and protein kinase C activation (By similarity)

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