ACER2: Potential Drug Target Or Biomarker for ACKD (G340485)

Target Name: ACER2

NCBI ID: G340485

ACER2: Potential Drug Target Or Biomarker for ACKD

Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease (ACKD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting millions of people worldwide. Chronic kidney disease is defined as a decline in kidney function, as measured by a decline in urine output and/or a decline in plasma creatinine levels, leading to a decline in overall health and quality of life. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 40 million people worldwide have chronic kidney disease, and it is projected that this number will increase to 96 million by 2030 and 152 million by 2050.

One of the key risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease is obesity, which has been shown to increase the risk of ACKD by up to 20-fold. Additionally, other risk factors for ACKD include age, diabetes, high blood pressure, and smoking.

ACER2 (ACER2_HUMAN) is a protein that has been shown to be expressed in the kidneys and has been linked to the development and progression of ACKD. ACER2 has been shown to play a role in the regulation of inflammation, fibrosis, and autophagy in the kidneys, and has been shown to be involved in the development of chronic kidney disease.

Despite the potential role of ACER2 in the development and progression of ACKD, much is still not known about this protein. In this article, we will discuss the current state of research on ACER2 and its potential as a drug target or biomarker for ACKD.

Expression and localization of ACER2

ACER2 has been shown to be expressed in a variety of tissues and organs, including the kidneys, heart, liver, and pancreas. In the kidney, ACER2 has been shown to be expressed in the glomeruli, interstitial cells, and podocytes, and has been shown to localize to the brush border of the kidney tubules.

In addition to its localization in the kidney, ACER2 has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of inflammation and fibrosis in the body. Chronic inflammation and fibrosis are thought to play a role in the development and progression of ACKD, and ACER2 has been shown to be involved in both processes.

Role of ACER2 in inflammation and fibrosis

ACER2 has been shown to play a role in the regulation of inflammation in the body. In addition to its role in the regulation of inflammation, ACER2 has also been shown to play a role in the regulation of fibrosis. Fibrosis is the process by which tissues become abnormally organized and can lead to the development of chronic diseases such as ACKD.

Studies have shown that ACER2 plays a role in the regulation of fibrosis by suppressing the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and promoting the production of anti-fibrotic factors. Additionally, ACER2 has been shown to play a role in the regulation of inflammation by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Potential as a drug target or biomarker

The potential of ACER2 as a drug target or biomarker for ACKD is significant. By targeting ACER2 with small molecules or antibodies, it may be possible to treat ACKD by suppressing the inflammation and fibrosis that contribute to the development and progression of the disease.

In addition to its potential as a drug target, ACER2 has also been shown to be a potential biomarker for ACKD. The presence of ACER2 in the kidneys of individuals with ACKD has been shown to be associated with the development and progression of the disease, and may be used as a diagnostic marker for ACKD.

Conclusion

In conclusion, ACER2 is a protein that has been shown to be involved in the regulation of inflammation and fibrosis, and has been linked to the development and progression of ACKD. The potential of ACER2 as a drug target or biomarker for ACKD is significant, and further research is needed to fully understand its role in the disease.

Protein Name: Alkaline Ceramidase 2

Functions: Golgi ceramidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ceramides into sphingoid bases like sphingosine and free fatty acids at alkaline pH (PubMed:16940153, PubMed:18945876, PubMed:20207939, PubMed:20089856). Ceramides, sphingosine, and its phosphorylated form sphingosine-1-phosphate are bioactive lipids that mediate cellular signaling pathways regulating several biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation (PubMed:20207939). Has a better catalytic efficiency towards unsaturated long-chain ceramides, including C18:1-, C20:1- and C24:1-ceramides (PubMed:16940153, PubMed:18945876, PubMed:20207939, PubMed:20089856). Saturated long-chain ceramides and unsaturated very long-chain ceramides are also good substrates, whereas saturated very long-chain ceramides and short-chain ceramides are poor substrates (PubMed:20089856). Also hydrolyzes dihydroceramides to produce dihydrosphingosine (PubMed:20207939, PubMed:20628055). It is the ceramidase that controls the levels of circulating sphingosine-1-phosphate and dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate in plasma through their production by hematopoietic cells (By similarity). Regulates cell proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis by the production of sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate (PubMed:16940153, PubMed:26943039, PubMed:28294157, PubMed:29229990). As part of a p53/TP53-dependent pathway, promotes for instance autophagy and apoptosis in response to DNA damage (PubMed:26943039, PubMed:28294157, PubMed:29229990). Through the production of sphingosine, may also regulate the function of the Golgi complex and regulate the glycosylation of proteins (PubMed:18945876)

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