AGER: The Ager gene: a potential drug target and biomarker (G177)

Target Name: AGER

NCBI ID: G177

AGER: The Ager gene: a potential drug target and biomarker

The Ager gene, located on chromosome 19p13.1, has been identified as a potential drug target and biomarker for various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. This gene is associated with the development and progression of these debilitating diseases, which affect millions of people worldwide. Therefore, the identification and characterization of Ager as a drug target and biomarker is of great interest and importance.

Expression of Ager gene

The Ager gene is expressed in various tissues and cells of the body, including brain, heart, and peripheral tissues. It is a gene that is involved in the development and maintenance of the nervous system, and it is implicated in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.

Expression of Ager gene in neurodegenerative diseases

Studies have shown that Ager is expressed in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. These diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of brain cells, which leads to the observed decline in cognitive and motor function.

In Alzheimer's disease, Ager is expressed in the brain and is associated with the development and progression of the disease. Studies have shown that individuals with Alzheimer's disease have lower levels of Ager in the brain compared to healthy individuals.

In Parkinson's disease, Ager is also expressed in the brain and is associated with the development and progression of the disease. Studies have shown that individuals with Parkinson's disease have lower levels of Ager in the brain compared to healthy individuals.

In multiple sclerosis, Ager is expressed in the brain and is associated with the development and progression of the disease. Studies have shown that individuals with multiple sclerosis have lower levels of Ager in the brain compared to healthy individuals.

Drug targeting of Ager gene

Drug targeting of Ager gene has the potential to be an effective strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. By inhibiting the activity of Ager gene, researchers can potentially reduce the production of toxic proteins that cause the progressive loss of brain cells in these diseases.

One potential approach to drug targeting of Ager gene is the use of small molecules, such as inhibitors, that can bind to the Ager gene and prevent its expression. These small molecules can be tested for their potential therapeutic effects in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases.

Another potential approach to drug targeting of Ager gene is the use of antibodies that recognize and target specific regions of the Ager gene. These antibodies can be used to deliver small molecules or other therapeutic agents directly to the Ager gene.

Biomarker potential of Ager gene

In addition to its potential as a drug target, Ager gene has also been identified as a potential biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases. By using Ager gene as a diagnostic or predictive marker, researchers can potentially identify individuals at risk for these diseases early on and begin targeted therapies.

For example, in Alzheimer's disease, individuals with lower levels of Ager gene may be at risk for the disease and may benefit from early intervention therapies, such as cognitive training or medication, that can slow the progression of the disease.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Ager gene is a potential drug target and biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. By inhibiting the

Protein Name: Advanced Glycosylation End-product Specific Receptor

Functions: Cell surface pattern recognition receptor that senses endogenous stress signals with a broad ligand repertoire including advanced glycation end products, S100 proteins, high-mobility group box 1 protein/HMGB1, amyloid beta/APP oligomers, nucleic acids, phospholipids and glycosaminoglycans (PubMed:27572515, PubMed:28515150, PubMed:34743181). Advanced glycosylation end products are nonenzymatically glycosylated proteins which accumulate in vascular tissue in aging and at an accelerated rate in diabetes (PubMed:21565706). These ligands accumulate at inflammatory sites during the pathogenesis of various diseases, including diabetes, vascular complications, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancers and RAGE transduces their binding into pro-inflammatory responses. Upon ligand binding, uses TIRAP and MYD88 as adapters to transduce the signal ultimately leading to the induction or inflammatory cytokines IL6, IL8 and TNFalpha through activation of NF-kappa-B (PubMed:21829704). Interaction with S100A12 on endothelium, mononuclear phagocytes, and lymphocytes triggers cellular activation, with generation of key pro-inflammatory mediators (PubMed:19386136). Interaction with S100B after myocardial infarction may play a role in myocyte apoptosis by activating ERK1/2 and p53/TP53 signaling (By similarity). Contributes to the translocation of amyloid-beta peptide (ABPP) across the cell membrane from the extracellular to the intracellular space in cortical neurons (PubMed:19906677). ABPP-initiated RAGE signaling, especially stimulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), has the capacity to drive a transport system delivering ABPP as a complex with RAGE to the intraneuronal space. Participates in endothelial albumin transcytosis together with HMGB1 through the RAGE/SRC/Caveolin-1 pathway, leading to endothelial hyperpermeability (PubMed:27572515). Mediates the loading of HMGB1 in extracellular vesicles (EVs) that shuttle HMGB1 to hepatocytes by transferrin-mediated endocytosis and subsequently promote hepatocyte pyroptosis by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome (PubMed:34743181). Promotes also extracellular hypomethylated DNA (CpG DNA) uptake by cells via the endosomal route to activate inflammatory responses (PubMed:24081950, PubMed:28515150)

More Common Targets