INSIG1: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for Various Diseases

Target Name: INSIG1

NCBI ID: G3638

INSIG1: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for Various Diseases

INSIG1 (INSI1_HUMAN) is a protein that is expressed in various tissues of the human body. It is a member of the insulin gene family and is responsible for the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 is a critical protein that plays a vital role in the growth and development of tissues throughout the body. It is also involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation.

INSIG1 has been identified as a potential drug target and biomarker for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Its unique structure and function have made it an attractive target for researchers to study and develop new treatments.

Structure and Function

INSIG1 is a 21-kDa protein that consists of 156 amino acid residues. It has a molecular weight of 19,112 and a calculated pI of 9.5. Insig1 is predominantly expressed in the liver, with lower levels found in the pancreas, spleen, and muscle. It is also expressed in various cell types, including muscle, nerve, and epithelial cells.

INSIG1 is involved in the regulation of cellular processes that are critical for growth and development. It plays a role in the development and maintenance of tissues, as well as in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. It is also involved in the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis.

INSIG1 has been shown to have a variety of functions, including:

* Regulation of insulin secretion: Insig1 is involved in the regulation of insulin secretion from the pancreas. It has been shown to play a role in the regulation of insulin secretion in response to changes in blood glucose levels.
* Regulation of muscle growth: Insig1 is involved in the regulation of muscle growth and maintenance. It has been shown to play a role in the regulation of muscle protein synthesis and muscle cell growth.
* Regulation of nerve growth: Insig1 is involved in the regulation of nerve growth and maintenance. It has been shown to play a role in the regulation of neurotransmitter synthesis and nerve growth.
* Regulation of cell survival and apoptosis: Insig1 is involved in the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis. It has been shown to play a role in the regulation of cell cycle progression and the regulation of apoptosis.

Drug Targeting

INSIG1 has been identified as a potential drug target for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Its unique structure and function have made it an attractive target for researchers to study and develop new treatments.

One of the main advantages of INSIG1 as a drug target is its ability to interact with a variety of signaling pathways. It has been shown to play a role in a variety of signaling pathways, including the TGF-β pathway, the Wnt pathway, and the Hedgehog pathway. This makes it an attractive target for the development of new treatments that can modulate these signaling pathways.

Another advantage of INSIG1 is its ability to induce various cellular responses, including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. This makes it an attractive target for the development of new treatments that can modulate cellular responses and promote tissue growth and development.

Biomarker

INSIG1 has also been identified as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases. Its unique structure and function have made it an attractive target for the development of new diagnostic tools and biomarkers.

One of the main potential applications of INSIG1 as a biomarker is its ability to serve as a marker for cancer. Its production has been shown to be increased in various types of cancer, including breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancer. This makes it an attractive target for the development of new diagnostic tools and biomarkers for cancer.

Another potential application of INSIG1 as a biomarker is its ability to serve as a marker for obesity. Its production has

Protein Name: Insulin Induced Gene 1

Functions: Oxysterol-binding protein that mediates feedback control of cholesterol synthesis by controlling both endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport of SCAP and degradation of HMGCR (PubMed:12202038, PubMed:12535518, PubMed:16168377, PubMed:16399501, PubMed:16606821, PubMed:32322062). Acts as a negative regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis by mediating the retention of the SCAP-SREBP complex in the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby blocking the processing of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) SREBF1/SREBP1 and SREBF2/SREBP2 (PubMed:12202038, PubMed:16399501, PubMed:32322062). Binds oxysterol, including 25-hydroxycholesterol, regulating interaction with SCAP and retention of the SCAP-SREBP complex in the endoplasmic reticulum (PubMed:32322062). In presence of oxysterol, interacts with SCAP, retaining the SCAP-SREBP complex in the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby preventing SCAP from escorting SREBF1/SREBP1 and SREBF2/SREBP2 to the Golgi (PubMed:15899885, PubMed:32322062). Sterol deprivation or phosphorylation by PCK1 reduce oxysterol-binding, disrupting the interaction between INSIG1 and SCAP, thereby promoting Golgi transport of the SCAP-SREBP complex, followed by processing and nuclear translocation of SREBF1/SREBP1 and SREBF2/SREBP2 (PubMed:32322062). Also regulates cholesterol synthesis by regulating degradation of HMGCR: initiates the sterol-mediated ubiquitin-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of HMGCR via recruitment of the reductase to the ubiquitin ligases AMFR/gp78 and/or RNF139 (PubMed:12535518, PubMed:16168377, PubMed:22143767). Also regulates degradation of SOAT2/ACAT2 when the lipid levels are low: initiates the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of SOAT2/ACAT2 via recruitment of the ubiquitin ligases AMFR/gp78 (PubMed:28604676)

More Common Targets