Target Name: CD81
NCBI ID: G975
Other Name(s): Tspan-28 | 26 kDa cell surface protein TAPA-1 | CD81 antigen (isoform 1) | TSPAN28 | S5.7 | CVID6 | tetraspanin-28 | tspan-28 | Target of the antiproliferative antibody 1 | CD81 molecule | CD81_HUMAN | CD81 variant 2 | Tetraspanin-28 | CD81 variant 1 | TAPA1 | Target of antiproliferative antibody 1 | CD81 antigen (target of antiproliferative antibody 1) | CD81 antigen | CD81 molecule, transcript variant 1 | CD81 molecule, transcript variant 2 | CD81 antigen (isoform 2)

CD81 (Tspan-28) as a Drug Target and Biomarker: Implications for Cancer Treatment

Introduction

CD81 (Tspan-28) is a protein that is expressed in various tissues of the body, including the lungs, heart, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. It is a member of the Tspan family, which includes several transducing RNA (TTR) families of transducing RNA. CD81 plays an important role in cell biology, especially in cell signaling and tumorigenesis. In recent years, researchers have conducted in-depth studies on CD81 and discovered its potential role in tumor treatment. This article will discuss the potential and impact of CD81 as a drug target and biomarker, and explore the role of CD81 in cancer treatment.

CD81 as a Drug Target

CD81 is an attractive drug target due to its unique structure and biology. It is a transmembrane protein that can interact with various signaling pathways, including T cell signaling, tyrosine signaling, and stress signaling. CD81 has been shown to play a role in multiple cancer types, including lung cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer.

CD81 has been shown to promote the growth and survival of cancer cells. In particular, studies have shown that CD81 can enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy and radiation treatments. This enhanced sensitivity is associated with the loss of CD81 expression, which suggests that Targeting CD81 may be an effective strategy for cancer treatment.

CD81 has also been shown to contribute to the development of cancer stem cells. Cancer cells have the ability to self-renew and maintain themselves, called "stem cells." This ability to self-renew and maintain allows cancer cells to evade drugs and immune surveillance, leading to treatment resistance. And CD81 has been shown to promote the self-renewal and maintenance of cancer stem cells, which may contribute to the development of treatment resistance in cancer.

CD81 as a Biomarker

CD81 has also been used as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Because it is expressed in multiple cancer types, it can be used as a tumor marker (biomarker) for cancer diagnosis and treatment evaluation.

Some studies have shown that CD81 expression levels can be used to assess tumor size and invasion. For example, in one study, researchers found that CD81 expression levels were positively correlated with tumor size and invasion. In addition, CD81 expression levels can also be used to evaluate the survival of cancer patients. In one study, researchers found that CD81 expression levels were positively correlated with survival in cancer patients.

Another study found that CD81 expression levels can be used to assess the effectiveness of cancer treatments. The researchers found that CD81 expression levels were positively correlated with cancer treatment efficacy. This means that for those cancer patients with higher CD81 expression levels, cancer treatment may lead to better results.

CD81 Targeting Strategies

CD81 has been targeted in various ways to enhance its potential as a drug target and biomarker. One approach is to use small molecules or antibodies to inhibit the activity of CD81. For example, a small molecule called Taxol has been shown to inhibit the activity of CD81, which may be an effective strategy for cancer treatment.

Another approach is to use antibodies to specifically target CD81. One example is a monoclonal antibody called CD81 monoclonal antibody, which has been shown to selectively bind to CD81 and prevent it from interacting with other molecules.

CD81 has also been targeted using gene editing techniques. For example, researchers have used CRISPR/Cas9 to edit the CD81 gene and create a CD81 variant that is less expressed. This approach may be useful for studying the effects of different CD81 variants on cancer biology.

Conclusion

CD81 is a protein that has

Protein Name: CD81 Molecule

Functions: Structural component of specialized membrane microdomains known as tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TERMs), which act as platforms for receptor clustering and signaling. Essential for trafficking and compartmentalization of CD19 receptor on the surface of activated B cells (PubMed:20237408, PubMed:27881302, PubMed:16449649). Upon initial encounter with microbial pathogens, enables the assembly of CD19-CR2/CD21 and B cell receptor (BCR) complexes at signaling TERMs, lowering the threshold dose of antigen required to trigger B cell clonal expansion and antibody production (PubMed:15161911, PubMed:20237408). In T cells, facilitates the localization of CD247/CD3 zeta at antigen-induced synapses with B cells, providing for costimulation and polarization toward T helper type 2 phenotype (PubMed:22307619, PubMed:23858057, PubMed:8766544). Present in MHC class II compartments, may also play a role in antigen presentation (PubMed:8409388, PubMed:8766544). Can act both as positive and negative regulator of homotypic or heterotypic cell-cell fusion processes. Positively regulates sperm-egg fusion and may be involved in acrosome reaction (By similarity). In myoblasts, associates with CD9 and PTGFRN and inhibits myotube fusion during muscle regeneration (By similarity). In macrophages, associates with CD9 and beta-1 and beta-2 integrins, and prevents macrophage fusion into multinucleated giant cells specialized in ingesting complement-opsonized large particles (PubMed:12796480). Also prevents the fusion of mononuclear cell progenitors into osteoclasts in charge of bone resorption (By similarity). May regulate the compartmentalization of enzymatic activities. In T cells, defines the subcellular localization of dNTPase SAMHD1 and permits its degradation by the proteasome, thereby controlling intracellular dNTP levels (PubMed:28871089). Also involved in cell adhesion and motility. Positively regulates integrin-mediated adhesion of macrophages, particularly relevant for the inflammatory response in the lung (By similarity)

More Common Targets

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