MALT1: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for Various Diseases

Target Name: MALT1

NCBI ID: G10892

MALT1: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for Various Diseases

MALT1 (MutL-Allelic Leucine-rich repeat 1) is a non-coding RNA molecule that has been identified as a potential drug target and biomarker for various diseases, including cancer. MALT1 is a key regulator of gene expression in cells and is involved in the control of cell growth, apoptosis, and inflammation.

The MALT1 gene is located on chromosome 6 and has 29 base pairs of DNA. It is a part of the microRNA (miRNA) family, which are small non-coding RNAs that play a critical role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. MALT1 is characterized by the presence of a unique repetitive sequence at its 3' end, which is composed of 21 amino acids.

MALT1 functions as a negative regulator of gene expression by binding to specific target genes and suppressing their miRNA expression. This interaction between MALT1 and target genes is regulated by various factors, including the concentration of MALT1 and the presence of miRNA inhibitors.

Several studies have identified MALT1 as a potential drug target for various diseases, including cancer. For example, MALT1 has been shown to be downregulated in various types of cancer, including breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancers. Additionally, MALT1 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell apoptosis, which is a critical event in the control of cell growth and aging.

In addition to its potential as a drug target, MALT1 has also been identified as a potential biomarker for various diseases. For example, MALT1 has been shown to be downregulated in individuals with heart disease, and may be a useful biomarker for heart disease risk assessment. Additionally, MALT1 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of inflammation, which is a critical aspect of many diseases, including cancer.

The discovery and characterization of MALT1 as a potential drug target and biomarker has important implications for the development of new treatments for various diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of MALT1 in disease and to develop effective strategies for targeting it as a drug or biomarker.

Protein Name: MALT1 Paracaspase

Functions: Protease that enhances BCL10-induced activation: acts via formation of CBM complexes that channel adaptive and innate immune signaling downstream of CARD domain-containing proteins (CARD9, CARD11 and CARD14) to activate NF-kappa-B and MAP kinase p38 pathways which stimulate expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (PubMed:11262391, PubMed:18264101, PubMed:24074955). Mediates BCL10 cleavage: MALT1-dependent BCL10 cleavage plays an important role in T-cell antigen receptor-induced integrin adhesion (PubMed:11262391, PubMed:18264101). Involved in the induction of T helper 17 cells (Th17) differentiation (PubMed:11262391, PubMed:18264101). Cleaves RC3H1 and ZC3H12A in response to T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation which releases their cooperatively repressed targets to promote Th17 cell differentiation (By similarity). Also mediates cleavage of N4BP1 in T-cells following TCR-mediated activation, leading to N4BP1 inactivation (PubMed:31133753). May also have ubiquitin ligase activity: binds to TRAF6, inducing TRAF6 oligomerization and activation of its ligase activity (PubMed:14695475)

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