HLA-DRA: A Promising Drug Target / Biomarker (G3122)

Target Name: HLA-DRA

NCBI ID: G3122

HLA-DRA: A Promising Drug Target / Biomarker

HLA-DRD is a protein that is expressed in the human immune system and plays a crucial role in the immune response. It is a key component of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which is a protein complex that is present in most tissues throughout the body. The MHC is responsible for presenting antigens to T cells, which are then responsible for cell-mediated immunity.

HLA-DRD has been identified as a potential drug target and biomarker for a variety of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infections. In this article, we will explore the biology of HLA-DRD and its potential as a drug target.

The Importance of HLA-DRD

HLA-DRD is a transmembrane protein that is composed of two main subunits: a heavy chain and a light chain. The heavy chain consists of a variable region and a constant region, while the light chain consists of a variable region and a constant region. The variable regions of the heavy and light chains contain the majority of the protein's immunosuppressive functions.

HLA-DRD is responsible for the presentation of antigens to CD4+ T cells, which are the primary drivers of cell-mediated immunity. CD4+ T cells are important for fighting off infections and are also involved in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.

HLA-DRD is also involved in regulating the immune response. It has been shown to play a role in the regulation of T cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as in the regulation of inflammation.

HLA-DRD has also been shown to be involved in the development and progression of certain diseases, including cancer. For example, studies have shown that HLA-DRD is overexpressed in many types of cancer, and that inhibiting its activity may be an effective way to treat these diseases.

Potential Drug Targets

HLA-DRD has been identified as a potential drug target for a variety of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infections.

One of the main potential drug targets for HLA-DRD is cancer. Overexpression of HLA-DRD has been shown to be involved in the development and progression of many types of cancer, including breast, lung, and ovarian cancers. Therefore, inhibiting HLA-DRD activity may be an effective way to treat these diseases.

Another potential drug target for HLA-DRD is autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. These diseases are characterized by the immune system attacking the body's own tissues, and HLA-DRD has been shown to play a role in the regulation of the immune response. Therefore, inhibiting HLA-DRD activity may be an effective way to treat these diseases.

HLA-DRD has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of inflammation. Chronic inflammation can contribute to the development and progression of many diseases, including heart disease and diabetes. Therefore, inhibiting HLA-DRD activity may be an effective way to treat these diseases.

Conclusion

HLA-DRD is a protein that is expressed in the human immune system and plays a crucial role in the immune response. It has been identified as a potential drug target and biomarker for a variety of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infections. In the future, studies will continue to investigate the biology of HLA-DRD and its potential as a drug target.

Protein Name: Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DR Alpha

Functions: An alpha chain of antigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) molecule. In complex with the beta chain HLA-DRB, displays antigenic peptides on professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) for recognition by alpha-beta T cell receptor (TCR) on HLA-DR-restricted CD4-positive T cells. This guides antigen-specific T-helper effector functions, both antibody-mediated immune response and macrophage activation, to ultimately eliminate the infectious agents and transformed cells (PubMed:29884618, PubMed:17334368, PubMed:8145819, PubMed:15322540, PubMed:22327072, PubMed:27591323, PubMed:31495665, PubMed:15265931, PubMed:9075930, PubMed:24190431). Typically presents extracellular peptide antigens of 10 to 30 amino acids that arise from proteolysis of endocytosed antigens in lysosomes (PubMed:8145819). In the tumor microenvironment, presents antigenic peptides that are primarily generated in tumor-resident APCs likely via phagocytosis of apoptotic tumor cells or macropinocytosis of secreted tumor proteins (PubMed:31495665). Presents peptides derived from intracellular proteins that are trapped in autolysosomes after macroautophagy, a mechanism especially relevant for T cell selection in the thymus and central immune tolerance (PubMed:17182262, PubMed:23783831). The selection of the immunodominant epitopes follows two processing modes: 'bind first, cut/trim later' for pathogen-derived antigenic peptides and 'cut first, bind later' for autoantigens/self-peptides (PubMed:25413013). The anchor residue at position 1 of the peptide N-terminus, usually a large hydrophobic residue, is essential for high affinity interaction with MHCII molecules (PubMed:8145819)

More Common Targets