TARS1: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for Neurodegenerative Disorders

Target Name: TARS1

NCBI ID: G6897

TARS1: A Potential Drug Target and Biomarker for Neurodegenerative Disorders

Introduction

TRNA (transfer RNA) is a crucial molecule that plays a key role in the protein synthesis process. In neurodegenerative diseases, TRNA mutations and abnormalities may lead to abnormal protein folding and function, leading to a range of symptoms. TARS1 is a protein located in the cytoplasm whose function is of interest in neurodegenerative diseases. This article aims to elucidate the role of TARS1 in neurodegenerative diseases and explore its potential as a drug target or biomarker.

Biological functions of TARS1

TARS1 is a ribosome-binding protein and a member of the TRNA-binding protein (TBP) family. Proteins of the TBP family are responsible for binding and modifying tRNA in cells, thereby affecting the translation quality of proteins. The role of TARS1 in neurodegenerative diseases is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Neuronal damage and apoptosis

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc., may lead to neuronal damage and apoptosis. The role of TARS1 in neuronal damage and apoptosis is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

(1) tRNA modification

tRNA modification is an important function of TBP family proteins. TARS1 can bind to the amino acids that modify tRNA, thereby affecting the structure and function of tRNA. Studies have shown that the activity of TARS1 is inhibited in neuronal damage and neurodegenerative diseases, which may be related to the role of TARS1 in neuronal apoptosis.

(2) Neuronal synaptic connections

Synaptic connections between neurons are critical for information transmission. TARS1 plays a role in neuronal synaptic connections and is responsible for binding tRNA of interneuronal transmitters. The modification and binding of tRNA by TARS1 may affect the transmission of information between neurons, thus leading to the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases.

2. Neuron function

The role of TARS1 in neuronal function is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

(1) Protein post-translational modification

After protein translation, TARS1 is responsible for binding to the modified protein, thereby affecting its structure and function. Studies have found that TARS1 plays a role in post-translational modification of neuronal proteins, which may be related to the maintenance and regulation of neuronal function.

(2) Neuronal metabolism

Neuronal metabolism is an important guarantee for the normal function of neurons. TARS1 plays a role in neuronal metabolism and is responsible for binding essential nutrients to provide energy and raw materials for neurons. Studies have found that TARS1 plays a key role in neuronal metabolism, which may be related to the maintenance of neuronal function.

Protein Name: Threonyl-tRNA Synthetase 1

Functions: Catalyzes the attachment of threonine to tRNA(Thr) in a two-step reaction: threonine is first activated by ATP to form Thr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Thr) (PubMed:25824639, PubMed:31374204). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Thr) via its editing domain, at the post-transfer stage (By similarity)

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