Mitochondrial IVD: Key Enzyme in Omega-3 Fatty Acid Cycle (G3712)

Target Name: IVD

NCBI ID: G3712

Mitochondrial IVD: Key Enzyme in Omega-3 Fatty Acid Cycle

IVD (Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform 4) is a protein that is expressed in the mitochondria, which is the energy-producing organ of the body. This protein plays a crucial role in the metabolism of fatty acids, particularly omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for brain and heart health. Mutations in the IVD gene have been linked to a range of cardiovascular and neurological disorders, including heart disease, hypertension, and depression.

The IVD gene is located on chromosome 16 and encodes a protein that consists of 214 amino acids. This protein is composed of two distinct domains: an N-terminal transmembrane domain and a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. The N-terminal domain is responsible for the protein's localization to the mitochondria, where it functions as a cytoplasmic protein. The C-terminal domain is responsible for the protein's catalytic activity, which is essential for its function in the metabolism of fatty acids.

IVD is a key enzyme in the omega-3 fatty acid cycle, which is a critical pathway for the production of essential fatty acids. In this cycle, omega-3 fatty acids are converted from omega-3 fatty acid precursors into the final product, omega-3 fatty acids. The IVD enzyme is responsible for the first step in this process, which involves the conversion of omega-3 fatty acid precursors into an intermediate step.

IVD is also involved in the production of another important molecule, known as 2-acylglycerol (2-AG), which is a key component of the lipid metabolism. 2-AG is produced from omega-3 fatty acids via the fatty acid oxidation pathway , and it has been shown to have a range of physiological effects, including regulating cellular signaling pathways and playing a role in the development of certain diseases, such as cancer.

In addition to its role in the omega-3 fatty acid cycle, IVD is also involved in the regulation of cellular signaling pathways that are critical for cell survival and growth. One of the well-known functions of IVD is its role in the regulation of apoptosis, which is the process by which cells self-destruct to remove damaged or dysfunctional cells. IVD has been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of apoptosis in various cell types, including neurons and cancer cells.

IVD has also been shown to be involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism and homeostasis. For example, studies have shown that IVD plays a role in the regulation of lipid metabolism, which is the process by which the body produces and removes fat from the body . IVD has been shown to regulate the production of fatty acids from omega-3 fatty acid precursors, as well as the levels of different fatty acids in the body.

In conclusion, IVD is a protein that is essential for the regulation of various cellular processes that are critical for cell survival and growth. Studies have shown that IVD is involved in the omega-3 fatty acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation pathway, and the regulation of apoptosis, as well as the regulation of cellular signaling pathways and metabolism. Given its role in these critical processes, IVD is a potential drug target and may be useful in the treatment of various cardiovascular and neurological disorders.

Protein Name: Isovaleryl-CoA Dehydrogenase

Functions: Catalyzes the conversion of isovaleryl-CoA/3-methylbutanoyl-CoA to 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA as an intermediate step in the leucine (Leu) catabolic pathway (PubMed:7640268). To a lesser extent, is also able to catalyze the oxidation of other saturated short-chain acyl-CoA thioesters as pentanoyl-CoA, hexenoyl-CoA and butenoyl-CoA (PubMed:7640268)

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