Retinopathy, Diabetic
About the Disease
Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 5, also known as diabetic retinopathy, is related to microvascular complications of diabetes 1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus. An important gene associated with Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 5 is PON1 (Paraoxonase 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are ERK Signaling and Signal Transduction. The drugs Mecobalamin and Hydroxocobalamin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include Eye, and related phenotypes are homeostasis/metabolism and cardiovascular system
Common Targets / Biomarkers
IL10 | MTHFR | FLT3 | Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (nonspecified subtype) | Histone deacetylase (nonspecified subtype) | CA4 | SERPINF1 | NADPH Oxidase (nonspecified subtype) | TCF7L2 | Proteasome Complex | LINC02774 | RNLS | LRRC7 | IL18 | KCNJ11 | TNFSF4 | DCAF13 | GPR55 | Fibrinogen | ZNRF1 | CHN2 | CCR3 | SLC5A2 | ABCB1 | CNTN5 | CD19 | DDC | TRPC4 | KAZN | TNF | BCL2L12 | NFS1 | CETP | HTR7 | VEGFA | PASK | CYBA | PHACTR1 | SOD1 | TNFRSF11B | Na+/H+ Exchanger (NHE) (nonspecified subtype) | LRP6 | Protein Phosphatase 2B | XRCC1 | CD248 | PALM2 | NLRP3 | Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (nonspecified subtype) | SRC | TAFA5 | m-Calpain | BRCC3 | LPAR2 | BCL2 | LMO7 | CDH13 | EPHB2 | CAMK4 | CXCL8 | TBC1D32 | NGFR | KDR | Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) (nonspecified subtype) | ARL4C | DOC2B | MC1R | RRP1 | L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel complex | SSTR2 | SLC19A3 | HFE | NRARP | JAK2 | HAFML | CENPS-CORT | PRKCZ | SLC13A1 | CYSLTR1 | IL1B | Tyrosine-Protein Kinases Src (nonspecified subtype) | LINC00917 | ITGA2 | STAT3 | ALOX5AP | LOC105377662 | IKBKB | PRKCG | MIR34A | TERT | MIR137 | TXNRD2 | CMTM7 | Thyroid hormone receptor (nonspecified subtype) | ROMO1 | VEGFC | LPAR1 | OSCP1 | SPAM1 | SHANK2 | MYORG | Integrin alphavbeta3 (vitronectin) receptor | EPHX2 | ADIPOQ | HIF1A | Heat shock protein 90 (nonspecified subtype) | MYSM1 | ICAM4 | FZD4 | CASP10 | GCK | CTSS | PRKCA | IL6 | TXNIP | ROCK1 | CDT1 | DROSHA | Somatostatin receptor (nonspecified subtype) | APLNR | Folate Receptor (nonspecified subtype) | SGK1 | ADAMTS5 | HRH2 | SORT1 | TRPC5 | CTSL | ACE | CNR2 | LTA | CACNB2 | GRIK2 | SLC1A5 | PPARA | Protein Kinase B (PKB/Akt) (nonspecified subtype) | IGF1 | AXL | TGFB1 | Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) (nonspecified subtype) | MAPK14 | Lipoxygenase (nonspecified subtype) | GH1 | ADIPOQ-AS1 | EGF | Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) (nonspecified subtype) | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) (nonspecified subtype) | Integrin Receptor (nonspecified subtype) | mTOR complex 1 | TXN2 | Protein kinase C (nonspecified subtype) | SYN3 | ADAM17 | LSMEM1 | LOC105369456 | HTRA1 | TLR4 | ENG | ADORA2B | NF-kappaB (NFkB) | LOC100287329 | SCG3 | VSTM4 | TRPM8 | CABCOCO1 | HMGCR | COL5A1 | DHODH | Gap junction Connexin ( (nonspecified subtype) | EPHB4 | MTHFD2 | GLO1 | TRAP1 | SMYD4 | KIT | DRD2 | SMAD7 | ICAM1 | CXCR4 | PRMT1 | SH3BP4 | Integrin alphaIIbbeta3 (fibrinogen gpIIb/IIIa) receptor | Integrin alpha5beta1 (VLA-5) receptor | EIF2AK4 | LDB3 | EPO | CCN2 | CNR1 | SELP | TRPV2 | ANGPT2 | SEPTIN9 | PRKCH | Integrin alphavbeta5 receptor | SOD2 | INSR | KIAA0825 | PLXDC2 | LOC101928273 | PPARD | EIF5A | ELAVL1 | DPP4 | PARP1 | LINC01249 | AKR1B1 | GRIK3 | Reverse transcriptase (Telomerase) | PRKCD | POSTN | PTP4A3 | MALRD1 | SLC25A32 | HMGA1 | MFN2 | SSTR4 | Tyrosine Kinase (nonspecified subtype) | NRP1 | TRPV1 | TGFBR1 | PDGFRB | RYR2 | XDH | SERPINE1 | PTPN1 | SRPK1 | ADORA3 | MYC | ACVR1 | CXCR3 | ACVRL1 | PALM2AKAP2 | PPARG | ACKR3 | Kallikrein (nonspecified subtype) | CAPN1 | Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) (nonspecified subtype) | P2X Receptor (nonspecified subtype) | CXCL12 | FOLH1 | LRRC4 | beta-Adrenoceptor (nonspecified subtype) | Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) (nonspecified subtype) | NTRK1 | LPAR4 | AKR1C3 | SGF29 | CEP135 | mTOR complex 2 | PEBP4 | EPOR | MTOR | GHR | IGF1R | SERPINF2 | Integrin alphaLbeta2 (LFA-1) receptor | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) (nonspecified subtype) | SST | HNF1A | FRK | PTPRB | BDKRB1 | INS | L-Type calcium channel (nonspecified subtype) | IFIH1 | Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor (nonspecified subtype) | SORD | HPX | APEX1 | GJA1 | SLC2A1 | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (nonspecified subtype) | FPR2 | PRKCB | ITGB3 | SLMAP | FLT1 | CYSLTR2 | TMEM217 | CDK8 | TEK | MMP9 | GMFB | PTK7 | SLC5A1 | CA2 | PLA2G7 | NOS3 | MRPL14 | LINC02741 | F11 | ROCK2 | MIR126 | Large Conductance BK(Ca) Potassium Channel (Maxi K+ Channel) (nonspecified subtype) | METAP2 | Focal Adhesion Kinases (FAK) (nonspecified subtype) | SEMA3A | GAA | TSHZ1 | SSTR5 | NOX3 | PRKCQ | HPSE | Gap Junction Protein (nonspecified subtype) | Endothelin receptor (nonspecified subtype) | Integrin alphavbeta1 | LYN | NR3C1 | CREB5 | UCP1 | PDE5A | LHFPL3 | KLKB1 | AGTR1 | MIR9-3 | ESM1 | LMO2 | AGER | SSTR1 | TRNL1 | NPC1 | FMN1 | RPE65 | PORCN | MMP2 | GALR2 | CD47 | Tubulin | HS6ST3 | BFSP2 | Integrin alpha2beta1 (VLA-2) receptor | VDR | NOS2 | ARHGAP22 | MET | CCL2 | TRPA1 | IFNG | NADPH Oxidase Complex | CYP11B2 | ERBB2 | PRKCE | CCR5 | IRS1 | PTGFR | Melanocortin receptor (nonspecified subtype) | Rho kinase (ROCK) (nonspecified subtype) | LOC105372760 | Glutathione peroxidase (nonspecified subtype) | MIRLET7B | GAS6 | S1PR1 | Defensin (nonspecified subtype) | DHFR | MC5R | PDGFRA | ANXA2 | mu-Calpain (calpain 1) | RHOA | UCP2 | FGF2 | GLP1R | AOC3 | CAPN2 | Soluble guanylyl cyclase | EDIL3 | LOC100506023 | TMEM94 | F12 | CDK19
Other Diseases
Retinoschisis | Rett Syndrome | Reye Syndrome | Rhabdoid Tumor | Rhabdomyosarcoma | Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar | Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal | Rheumatic Heart Disease | Rheumatoid Arthritis | Rhinitis | Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata | Riboflavin Transporter Deficiency Neuronopathy | Richter's Syndrome | Rickets | Rift Valley Fever | Roberts Syndrome | Robinow Syndrome | Rolandic Epilepsy | Rosacea | Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome | Rotor Syndrome | Rubeosis Iridis | Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome | Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome | Salla Disease | Sandhoff Disease | SAPHO Syndrome | Sarcoidosis | Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary | Sarcoma | Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part | Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal | Sarcoma, Ewing | Sarcomatoid Carcinoma Of The Lung | Sarcosinemia | Saul-Wilson Syndrome | Scabies | Scapuloperoneal Myopathy, X-linked Dominant | Scapuloperoneal Spinal Muscular Atrophy | Schaaf-Yang Syndrome | Schamberg Disease | Schindler Disease | Schistosomiasis | Schistosomiasis Mansoni | Schizencephaly | Schizophrenia | Schizotypal Personality Disorder | Schnitzler Syndrome | Schnyder Crystalline Corneal Dystrophy | Schuurs-Hoeijmakers Syndrome | Schwannoma | Schwannomatosis | Schwartz-Jampel-Aberfeld Syndrome | Scleritis | Sclerocornea | Scleroderma | Scleroderma, Diffuse | Sclerosing Cholangitis | Sclerosteosis | Sclerosteosis 2 | Scoliosis | Seasonal Mood Disorder | Seborrheic Dermatitis | Seizures | Seizures-scoliosis-macrocephaly Syndrome | Seminoma | Sengers Syndrome | Senior-Loken Syndrome | Sensorineural Hearing Loss | Sensory Ataxic Neuropathy, Dysarthria, And Ophthalmoparesis | Sensory Neuropathy | Sepiapterin Reductase Deficiency | Sertoli Cell-only Syndrome | Sezary Syndrome | Shock, Cardiogenic | Short-chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency | Shprintzen-Goldberg Syndrome | Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond Syndrome | Sialoadenitis | Sick Sinus Syndrome | Sick Sinus Syndrome 1 | Sickle Cell Anemia | Sickle Cell Disease | Silicosis | Silver-Russell Syndrome | Sitosterolemia | Situs Inversus | Sjogren Syndrome | Skin Carcinoma | Skin Fragility-woolly Hair Syndrome | Skin Papilloma | Sleep Apnea | Sleep Apnea, Central | Sleep Apnea, Obstructive | Sleep Disorder | Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma | Smith-Kingsmore Syndrome | Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome | Smith-Magenis Syndrome | Smoldering Myeloma | Snyder-Robinson Syndrome | Sorsby Fundus Dystrophy | Sotos Syndrome | Spastic Paraplegia Type 7 | Spasticity | Specific Granule Deficiency | Speech Disorders | Spina Bifida | Spinal And Bulbar Muscular Atrophy | Spinal Cord Diseases | Spinal Muscular Atrophy | Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 2 | Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 3 | Spinal Muscular Atrophy With Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 10 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 12 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 13 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 14 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 15 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 16 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 17 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 20 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 21 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 23 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 27 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 28 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 31 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 38 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 40 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 42 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 5 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 6 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 8 | Spitz Nevus | Spitzoid Melanoma | Splenomegaly | Split Hand-foot Malformation | Sponastrime Dysplasia | Spondylo-megaepiphyseal-metaphyseal Dysplasia | Spondylo-ocular Syndrome | Spondyloarthritis | Spondylocarpotarsal Synostosis Syndrome | Spondylocostal Dysostosis | Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Tarda, X-linked | Spondylolisthesis | Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia | Spondyloperipheral Dysplasia | Spondylosis | Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine | Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis | Stargardt Disease | Steel Syndrome | Stevens-Johnson Syndrome | Stickler Syndrome | Stiff-man Syndrome | Still Disease | Stomatitis | Strabismus | Stroke | Stroke, Hemorrhagic | Stroke, Ischemic | Stromal Corneal Dystrophy | Sturge-Weber Syndrome | Stuttering | Stuve-Wiedemann Syndrome | Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis | Subcortical Band Heterotopia | Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency | Sulfite Oxidase Deficiency | Superficial Spreading Melanoma | Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis | Sweet Syndrome | Swine Influenza | Syncope | Syndactyly | Synovitis | Synpolydactyly | Syphilis | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | Systemic Mastocytosis | T-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia | T-cell Leukemia | T-cell Lymphoma, Subcutaneous Panniculitis-like | T-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia | Takayasu's Arteritis | Takenouchi-Kosaki Syndrome | Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy | Tangier Disease | Tardive Dyskinesia | TARP Syndrome | Tatton-Brown-Rahman Syndrome | Tay-Sachs Disease | Temporal Lobe Epilepsy | Temtamy Preaxial Brachydactyly Syndrome | Tendinitis | Tendinopathy | Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor | Teratozoospermia | Tetanus | Thalassemia | Thalassemia, Beta | Thanatophoric Dysplasia | Thanatophoric Dysplasia Type 1 | Thin Basement Membrane Disease | Thrombasthenia | Thrombocythemia, Essential | Thrombocytopenia | Thromboembolism | Thrombophilia | Thrombophlebitis | Thrombosis | Thrombotic Microangiopathy | Thymoma, Malignant | Thyroid Dysgenesis | Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis | Thyroid Hormone Resistance | Thyroiditis | Thyroiditis, Autoimmune | Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis | Tibial Muscular Dystrophy | Tic Disorder | Tietze Syndrome | Tinea | Tinea Versicolor | Tonsillitis | Torticollis | Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis | Toxoplasmosis | Traboulsi Syndrome | Tracheal Disorders | Trachoma | Transcobalamin Deficiency | Transient Bullous Dermolysis Of The Newborn | Transthyretin-related Amyloidosis | Treacher Collins Syndrome | Tremor | Tricho-hepato-enteric Syndrome | Trichomegaly | Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome | Trichothiodystrophy | Trichotillomania | Trichuriasis | Trigonocephaly | Trimethylaminuria | Triphalangeal Thumb-polysyndactyly Syndrome | Triple A Syndrome | Trismus-pseudocamptodactyly Syndrome | Tuberculosis | Tuberculous Meningitis | Tularemia | Tumoral Calcinosis | Turner's Syndrome | Twin-to-twin Transfusion Syndrome | Tylosis With Esophageal Cancer | Tyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency | Tyrosinemia | Tyrosinemia Type 1 | Tyrosinemia Type 2 | Ulcerative Colitis | Unverricht-Lundborg Syndrome | Urea Cycle Disorder | Uremia | Uremic Pruritus | Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction | Urethritis | Urofacial Syndrome | Urolithiasis | Urticaria | Usher Syndrome | Usher Syndrome Type II | Usher Syndrome Type IIC | Usher Syndrome Type III | Uterine Leiomyoma | Uveitis | Uveitis, Anterior | VACTERL Association | VACTERL/VATER Association | Vaginitis | Van Der Knaap Disease | Varicocele | Vascular Calcification | Vascular Cognitive Impairment | Vasculitis | Veno-occlusive Disease | Venous Insufficiency | Ventricular Septal Defect | Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency | Vertigo | Very Long-chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency | Vestibular Disease | VEXAS Syndrome | Vici Syndrome | Viral Meningitis | Vitamin A Deficiency | Vitamin B12 Deficiency | Vitamin D Deficiency | Vitamin K Deficiency | Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy | Vitiligo | Vitreoretinal Degeneration, Snowflake Type | Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative | Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome | Von Hippel-Lindau Disease | Von Willebrand Disease | Vulvovaginitis | Waardenburg Syndrome | Waardenburg Syndrome Type 1 | Waardenburg Syndrome Type 2 | Waardenburg Syndrome Type 2A | Waardenburg Syndrome Type 2E | Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4 | Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4A | Wagner Disease | WAGR Syndrome | Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia | Walker-Warburg Syndrome | Warsaw Breakage Syndrome | Weill-Marchesani Syndrome | Werner's Syndrome | Whipple's Disease | Wieacker-Wolff Syndrome | Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome | Williams Syndrome | Wilson's Disease | Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome | Withdrawal Syndrome | Wolcott-Rallison Syndrome | Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome | Wolfram Syndrome | Wolfram Syndrome 2 | Wolman Disease | Woodhouse-Sakati Syndrome | X-linked Acrogigantism | X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease | X-linked Creatine Transporter Deficiency | X-linked Myotubular Myopathy | X-linked Sideroblastic Anemia | Xeroderma Pigmentosum | Xeroderma Pigmentosum Variant Type | Yellow Fever | Zellweger Syndrome | Zimmermann-Laband Syndrome | Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome | Zygomycosis
