PLA2G3: Regulating Inflammation and Cancer (G50487)

Target Name: PLA2G3

NCBI ID: G50487

PLA2G3: Regulating Inflammation and Cancer

PLA2G3 (GIII-SPLA2) is a protein that is expressed in various tissues throughout the body, including the liver, pancreas, and blood cells. It is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, which is a large superfamily of transmembrane proteins that play a critical role in cellular signaling.

PLA2G3 is known for its role in the regulation of inflammation and autoimmune diseases. It is involved in the development and maintenance of inflammation-induced tissue damage, as well as in the regulation of immune cell function.

One of the unique features of PLA2G3 is its ability to form a complex with other proteins, including the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. This interaction between PLA2G3 and NF-kappa-B has important implications for the regulation of inflammation and autoimmune diseases, as NF-kappa-B is known to play a critical role in the regulation of inflammation.

PLA2G3 is also involved in the regulation of cellular signaling pathways that are important for the development and maintenance of cancer. For example, PLA2G3 has been shown to play a role in the regulation of the angiogenic switch, which is the process by which cancer cells promote the formation of new blood vessels to provide oxygen and nutrients.

In addition to its role in the regulation of inflammation and cancer, PLA2G3 is also a potential drug target. The GPCR family of proteins is a common target for drug development, as many drugs that act on GPCR receptors are effective in treating a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes.

PLA2G3 is also a good candidate for biomarker research, as its expression is highly upregulated in diseases that are associated with inflammation and autoimmune disorders. This makes it a potential diagnostic or predictive marker for a range of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular disease.

In conclusion, PLA2G3 is a protein that is involved in the regulation of inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Its ability to form a complex with the transcription factor NF-kappa-B and its role in the regulation of cellular signaling pathways that are important for the development and maintenance of cancer make it a potential drug target and biomarker for a range of diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of PLA2G3 in these processes and to develop effective treatments.

Protein Name: Phospholipase A2 Group III

Functions: Secretory calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that primarily targets extracellular phospholipids. Hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids without apparent head group selectivity (PubMed:12522102, PubMed:18801741, PubMed:15863501, PubMed:28947740). Contributes to phospholipid remodeling of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Hydrolyzes LDL phospholipids releasing unsaturated fatty acids that regulate macrophage differentiation toward foam cells (PubMed:18801741). May act in an autocrine and paracrine manner (PubMed:23624557). Secreted by immature mast cells, acts on nearby fibroblasts upstream to PTDGS to synthesize prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), which in turn promotes mast cell maturation and degranulation via PTGDR (PubMed:23624557). Secreted by epididymal epithelium, acts on immature sperm cells within the duct, modulating the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acyl components of phosphatidylcholines required for acrosome assembly and sperm cell motility. Facilitates the replacement of fatty acyl chains in phosphatidylcholines in sperm membranes from omega-6 and omega-9 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Coupled to lipoxygenase pathway, may process omega-6 PUFAs to generate oxygenated lipid mediators in the male reproductive tract (By similarity). At pericentrosomal preciliary compartment, negatively regulates ciliogenesis likely by regulating endocytotic recycling of ciliary membrane protein (PubMed:20393563). Coupled to cyclooxygenase pathway provides arachidonate to generate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a potent immunomodulatory lipid in inflammation and tumorigenesis (PubMed:12522102, PubMed:15863501). At colonic epithelial barrier, preferentially hydrolyzes phospholipids having arachidonate and docosahexaenoate at sn-2 position, contributing to the generation of oxygenated metabolites involved in colonic stem cell homeostasis (PubMed:28947740). Releases C16:0 and C18:0 lysophosphatidylcholine subclasses from neuron plasma membranes and promotes neurite outgrowth and neuron survival (PubMed:17868035)

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