Targeting OR13: New Insights Into GPCR Signaling and Potential Therapeutic Agents

Targeting OR13: New Insights Into GPCR Signaling and Potential Therapeutic Agents

Olfactory receptor family 13 (OR13) is a subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that plays a crucial role in sensory function, particularly olfaction. OR13 is composed of three transmembrane domains: an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain. The intracellular domain contains a GPCR-specific catalytic active site, a GPCR-specific regulatory domain, and a GPCR-specific scaffold domain.

OR13 is a GPCR that is expressed in various tissues and cells, including the brain, sensory neurons, and epithelial cells. It is involved in the sense of smell, specifically in the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as ethanol, acetone, and ammonia. Ethanol and its derivatives are known to have a neurotoxic effect on the central nervous system and are often used in pharmacological research as toxins or drug substrates.

The OR13 gene has four known splice variants: OR13-1, OR13-2, OR13-3, and OR13-4. OR13-1 and OR13-2 are predominantly expressed in the brain, while OR13-3 and OR13-4 are mainly expressed in sensory neurons and epithelial cells. The expression patterns of OR13 have been extensively studied, and it has been shown to be involved in various physiological processes, including sensory perception, neuroprotection, and pharmacological signaling.

Despite the importance of OR13 in sensory function, the study of its function and potential as a drug target remains an active area of 鈥嬧?媟esearch. In recent years, several studies have identified potential drug-drug interactions and pharmacokinetic interactions between drugs that target OR13. These studies have provided new insights into the mechanisms of action of these drugs and have identified potential clinical applications for targeting OR13 in disease.

One of the most well-studied drugs that targets OR13 is biclotonic acid (BIC), which is a small molecule inhibitor of OR13. BIC is currently being investigated as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease , Parkinson's disease, and depression.

BIC works by binding irreversibly to the OR13 receptor, preventing it from activating and triggering downstream signaling pathways. This inhibition of OR13 signaling leads to the inhibition of neurotransmitter release and reduced neuronal activity, which can lead to the therapeutic effects of BIC.

In addition to its potential therapeutic applications, BIC has also been identified as a potential biomarker for various neurological disorders. The reduced neuronal activity caused by BIC has been shown to be associated with the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Additionally, BIC has been shown to be reduced in the brains of individuals with depression, suggesting that it may be a potential diagnostic tool for this disorder.

Another drug that targets OR13 is maropitant, which is a small molecule antagonist of OR13. Maropitant is currently being investigated as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of chronic pain, including neuropathic pain.

Maropitant works by binding irreversibly to the OR13 receptor, preventing it from activating and triggering downstream signaling pathways. This inhibition of OR13 signaling leads to the inhibition of neurotransmitter release and reduced neuronal activity, which can lead to the therapeutic effects of maropitant.

In addition to its potential therapeutic applications, maropitant has also been shown to have potential anti-inflammatory effects. Chronic pain is often associated with an increase in inflammation in the central nervous system, and maropitant has been shown to reduce inflammation in this system.

Another potential drug that targets OR13 is metformin, which is a

Protein Name: Olfactory Receptor Family 13 Subfamily C Member 3

Functions: Odorant receptor

More Common Targets

OR13C4 | OR13C5 | OR13C8 | OR13C9 | OR13D1 | OR13F1 | OR13G1 | OR13H1 | OR13J1 | OR13Z2P | OR14A16 | OR14A2 | OR14C36 | OR14I1 | OR14J1 | OR14L1P | OR1A1 | OR1A2 | OR1B1 | OR1C1 | OR1D2 | OR1D4 | OR1D5 | OR1E1 | OR1E2 | OR1E3 | OR1F1 | OR1F2P | OR1G1 | OR1I1 | OR1J1 | OR1J2 | OR1J4 | OR1K1 | OR1L1 | OR1L3 | OR1L4 | OR1L6 | OR1L8 | OR1M1 | OR1N1 | OR1N2 | OR1P1 | OR1Q1 | OR1S1 | OR1S2 | OR2A1 | OR2A1-AS1 | OR2A12 | OR2A14 | OR2A2 | OR2A20P | OR2A25 | OR2A4 | OR2A42 | OR2A7 | OR2A9P | OR2AE1 | OR2AG1 | OR2AG2 | OR2AJ1 | OR2AK2 | OR2AL1P | OR2AM1P | OR2AP1 | OR2AT4 | OR2B11 | OR2B2 | OR2B3 | OR2B6 | OR2C1 | OR2C3 | OR2D2 | OR2D3 | OR2F1 | OR2F2 | OR2G2 | OR2G3 | OR2G6 | OR2H1 | OR2H2 | OR2I1P | OR2J1 | OR2J2 | OR2J3 | OR2J4P | OR2K2 | OR2L13 | OR2L1P | OR2L2 | OR2L3 | OR2L5 | OR2L8 | OR2L9P | OR2M1P | OR2M2 | OR2M3 | OR2M4 | OR2M5 | OR2M7